On A Particularly Patriotic Day

I stare at myself in disgust before turning away and beginning to apply skin creams and makeup that promise a lighter complexion. I straighten my naturally thick, curly hair, methodically going over the same strand multiple times while wishing for straight hair like the other perfect blond girls in my grade. I put on a modest all black ensemble in an effort to avoid unwanted attention and pull on a large jacket with a hood to hide my face. [excerpt

Fearless Friday: Laila Mufty

In today’s Fearless Friday, Surge would like to honor the work of Laila Mufty ‘18. Laila is a sophomore from the Bay Area in California and is majoring in Environmental Studies. Currently, she is one of the CPS Program Coordinators with Big Brothers Big Sisters and is the Immersion Project Leader for the New Orleans trip in May focused on the rebuilding of the Gulf Coast. In addition to her work with CPS, Laila participates in multiple cultural organizations on campus and has volunteered with El Centro, Painted Turtle Farm and Casa de la Cultura. Laila has also written and edited for Surge in the past. [excerpt

Malaysian and Indonesian Learners: They Are Judges of How They Learn English Most Effectively in and Out of Classrooms

The position of English is that of a Second Language in Malaysia and a Foreign Language in Indonesia. But the objective is the same that is to enable the learners to communicate effectively and efficiently in social and professional situations. Learners' beliefs and learners' strategies are also part of the learning processes. Strategies are ways of managing the complex information that the learners are receiving about the target language. This study aims to find out (i) the learners' beliefs on the importance of English (ii) what the learners will do (strategies) to manage their own learning. 100 respondents participated in the study. They responded to open ended questions. The results show that there are similarities and differences in the ways the Malaysian and Indonesian learners perceived the importance of English. They also have similarities and differences in their strategies to manage their own learning to achieve their goals. As a conclusion, even though the two countries adopted different language policy, the learners of English as a Second and Foreign Language have their own enthusiasms and they make judgements about how to learn the language effectively and they have the awareness of what language learning is like

Antibacterial surface modification of titanium implants in orthopaedics

The use of biomaterials in orthopaedics for joint replacement, fracture healing and bone regeneration is a rapidly expanding field. Infection of these biomaterials is a major healthcare burden, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, the cost to healthcare systems is increasing dramatically. With advances in implant design and production, research has predominately focussed on osseointegration; however, modification of implant material, surface topography and chemistry can also provide antibacterial activity. With the increasing burden of infection, it is vitally important that we consider the bacterial interaction with the biomaterial and the host when designing and manufacturing future implants. During this review, we will elucidate the interaction between patient, biomaterial surface and bacteria. We aim to review current and developing surface modifications with a view towards antibacterial orthopaedic implants for clinical applications

Divorce in the kittiwake gull rissa tridactyla

Divorce has been observed in many species of bird. Studies have revealed a relationship between divorce and reproductive success. This study was carried out to investigate whether such a relationship exists in the Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). The aims were to determine when divorce occurs, what causes divorce to occur, what the effects of divorce on reproductive output are and, finally, why birds divorce. It was conducted at a warehouse on the north bank of the River Tyne in North Shields, Tyne & Wear, during the 1990 breeding season. Analysis of a long-term data set spanning thirty three years was also carried out. Divorce does cause a significant reduction in some measures of reproductive output, acting significantly during incubation. Divorce may be due to lower reproductive success in the preceding season, a possible result of incompatibility between individuals

El extraño viaje de Ibn al-Jaṭīb por los agitados llanos de Tāmasnā. Estudio y traducción de la maqāma

During the winter of 1362 the exiled Granadian vizier Lisān al-Dīn Ibn al-Khaṭīb was on a journey through the Maghrebian region of Tāmasnā in the midst of civil war. While his dethroned Nasrid monarch was fighting in Andalusian lands with Castilian support to regain the throne of Granada, he was crossing tribal regions to meet the great players of the Merinid conflict. The story of his journey, written in rhymed prose as a literary epistle, is contained in his work Nufāḍat al-ŷirāb, which is considered his memories of exile. This paper analyzes the unique context of this riḥla, offers a viable hypothesis to the motivations of the author and translates the unfinished text accompanied by a philological study that allows us to savor the exquisite and distinctive Khatibian style.En el invierno de 1362 el exiliado visir granadino Lisān al-Dīn Ibn al-Jaṭīb realizaba un viaje por la región magrebí de Tāmasnā en plena guerra civil. Mientras su destronado monarca nazarí luchaba en tierras andalusíes con apoyo castellano para recuperar el trono de Granada, él atravesaba regiones tribales al encuentro de los grandes agentes del conflicto meriní. El relato de su viaje, escrito en prosa rimada a modo de epístola literaria, figura en su obra Nufāḍat al-ŷirāb, considerada sus memorias de exilio. Este artículo aborda el estudio del peculiar contexto de esta maqāma, ofrece una hipótesis viable a las motivaciones de su autor y traduce el inacabado texto de esta acompañado de un estudio filológico que permite saborear el exquisito y característico estilo jatibiano

Ibn Jaldūn en su léxico subjetivo. La constelación emocional de un intelectual en transición

This study is a linguistic analysis of the subjective lexicon used by the North African thinker ‘Abd al-Raḥmān Ibn Khaldūn (d. 1406) in the epilogue of his historical work Kitāb al-‘Ibar, known as Ta‘rīf, in which he writes a biography of himself. The paper outlines the usefulness of building an analytical schema of the linguistic phenomena in which the first person emerges, especially in self-referencing, actions, emotions, and evaluations, in order to fully grasp the complexity of Ibn Khaldūn’s self-expression. A hybrid quantitative and qualitative methodology helps to extract, organize, analyze, and interpret his use of language to express himself in relation to the narration of his life’s journey and his psychological evolution. The data show an intimate expression of a premodern Arabic subject, leading Ta‘rīf to be considered an evolutionary link to the modern autobiography, which takes on great significance in the process of cultural transition of the Islamic West towards European modernity.El presente estudio se centra en el análisis lingüístico del léxico subjetivo utilizado por el pensador norteafricano ‘Abd al-Raḥmān Ibn Jaldūn (m. 1406) en el epílogo de su obra histórica Kitāb al-‘Ibar, conocida como Ta‘rīf, donde se biografía a sí mismo. El objetivo es esbozar la utilidad de construir un esquema analítico de los fenómenos lingüísticos en los que emerge la primera persona, especialmente en la autorreferencia, las acciones, las emociones y las evaluaciones, para captar la complejidad de la autoexpresión de Ibn Jaldūn. Una metodología híbrida cuantitativa y cualitativa ayuda a extraer, organizar, analizar e interpretar su uso del lenguaje para expresarse en relación con la narración de su trayectoria vital y su evolución psicológica. Los datos muestran una expresión íntima de un sujeto árabe premoderno, lo que lleva a considerar el Ta‘rīf como un eslabón evolutivo de la autobiografía moderna, que adquiere una gran importancia dentro del proceso de transición cultural del Occidente islámico hacia la modernidad europea.CONICYT FONDECYT/POSTDOCTORADO/Project No 319019

A Strategy for Developing the Leadership Practice through Wise Governance from the VieWpoint of Al Taif University Members

The study aimed at proposing a strategy for developing the leadership practice in Taif University through wise governance. The study population included all faculty members at the Taif University which represented -1358- members. A questionnaire was administered tostudy a randomized sample which consist of -321- faculty members which represented -24%- of the study population. The findings showed that faculty members perceived the degree of practicing good governance generally as moderate. Also, the results showed statistically significant differences between the degree of importance and the degree of leadership practice through good governance. There were no statistically significant differences according to gender, but there were statistically significant differences according to academic rank in favor of the higher academic rank only in the following three dimensions of leadership practice through good governance: transparency, active participation, and accountability. In light of these results, a strategy was proposed which implied a number of recommendations, including: Application of the proposed strategy, spreading the culture of accountability, and providing equal opportunities for participation in decision-making for both men and women's departments.

INHABITING THE STRAIT. TOWARDS A EURO-AFRICAN SUBJECTIVITY IN PREMODERN ARABIC TEXTS

En el presente trabajo se sientan las bases de un corpus de textos árabes en el marco del contexto de crisis del siglo XIV sobre el estrecho de Gibraltar para el estudio de una subjetividad euroafricana. El trabajo se divide en dos partes. En la primera parte, se describe la situación socio-política y cultural en la que tiene lugar esta crisis de transición hacia la modernidad europea, con especial hincapié en la brecha que se abrió entre las dos orillas del Occidente Islámico y en la élite intelectual árabe-islámica que la habitó. En la segunda parte, se plantean las líneas generales del proyecto de innovación epistemológica que esta élite llevó a cabo para definir una versión de modernidad acorde con su propia cultura. Asimismo, se defiende la necesidad de un estudio empírico de la subjetividad premoderna a través del lenguaje, entendida esta en términos astronómicos, con el fin de perfilar la conceptualización de dicho proyecto